(Pancreatic Function) Analysis Report Card

 Name: Example(Male)

Sex: Male

Age: 36

Actual Testing Results

Testing Item

Normal Range

Actual Measurement Value

Testing Result

Insulin

2.845 - 4.017

3.45

Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP)

3.210 - 6.854

6.584

Glucagon

2.412 - 2.974

2.747

Testing Value Description:

I. Insulin:      Health Scope: 2.845~4.017

It is a protein with smaller molecular weight. Its role in the body is very broad, and it mainly reduces blood sugar.

Function: 1. For glucose metabolism, it promotes the liver, muscle and adipose tissue to take up and utilize glucose, promotes the synthesis of glycogen and muscle glycogen, inhibits gluconeogenesis, and promotes glucose to be converted into fatty acids to be stored in adipose tissue; 2. For fat metabolism, it inhibits activity of lipase, thus inhibiting lipolysis; 3. For protein metabolism, it promotes protein synthesis, inhibits protein from decomposing. Once the insulin is in lack or can not exert the functionnormally, diabetes will occur.

II. Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP):      Health Scope: 3.210~6.854

1. >6.854, increase.
(1) Diabetic patients;(2) acute pancreas;(3) pancreatic tumor with secretory function; (4) cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease patients; (5) others: such as the pancreatic polypeptide cell hyperplasia, myocardial infarction, severe heart failure, non-cardiogenic shock and duodenal ulcer.

2. <3.210, reduction.
(1) Obesity; (2) Chronic pancreatitis pancreatic polypeptide is obviously lower than that that of healthy people; (3) it can be used as the indicators of the vagus nerve damage, and at this time, pancreatic polypeptide is reduced obviously; (4) when it is used in growth hormone therapy.

III. Glucagon:      Health Scope: 2.412~2.974

1. >2.974, increase.
Seen in insulin-insensitive diabetes and pancreatic glucagonoma.

2. <2.412, reduction.
Seen in congenital and cell deficiency.

Parameter Description

Insulin:

It is a protein with smaller molecular weight. Its role in the body is very broad, and it mainly reduces blood sugar. Function:
1. For glucose metabolism, it promotes the liver, muscle and adipose tissue to take up and utilize glucose, promotes the synthesis of glycogen and muscle glycogen, inhibits gluconeogenesis, and promotes glucose to be converted into fatty acids to be stored in adipose tissue;
2. For fat metabolism, it inhibits activity of lipase, thus inhibiting lipolysis;
3. For protein metabolism, it promotes protein synthesis, inhibits protein from decomposing. Once the insulin is in lack or can not exert the functionnormally, diabetes will occur.

Pancreatic Polypeptide:

It is a kind of polypeptide with hormonal nature, which synthesized and released by PP cells.

Glucagon:

It is synthesized and secreted by pancreatic 5-cells, and the blood sugar concentration is elevated. The function of blood sugar and the function of insulin are antagonistic for each other.